How CRISPR lets you edi 좋구만

From the smallest single-celled organism to the largest creatures on earth, every living thing is defined by its genes- single-celled 단세포의- organism n. 유기체/(특히 극도로 작은) 생물 The DNA contained in our genes acts like an instruction manual for our cells - instruction 설명- manual 설명서 - instruction manual 사용 설명서 Four building blocks called bases are. 이어져 있다 - sequence n 순 - basis 기초, 기반 - trait 특성 But with recent advancements in gene editing tools, scientists can change organism's fundamental featurestant crops and create apples that don't bange organism's fundamental featurestant crops and create apples and create apples that don't basis that don't b 가뭄 - resistant a. 저항력 있다, ~에 잘 견디다 ~에 강한 They might even prevent the spread of infectious outbreaks and develop cures for genetic diseases - infectious 전염되다 - outbreak(전쟁, 사건, 질병 등의) 발생, 발발 CRISPR did this medical marvel - medical a.의학의사, 의료의사 - marvel n. 경이, 경이로운 사람 How does it work? And what can it do? Surprisingly, CRISPR is actually a natural process that'세균의, 박테리아의 - immune a 면역성이 있다 - immune system 면역체계 Originally found defending single - celled bacteria and archaea against invading viruses, naturally occurring CRISPR uses two mainst invading viruses, naturally occurring CRISPR uses two main components.rspaced shain components.rspaced short phort phort p [snnppt](작은) 정보/(대화, 음악 등의) 팽이 - cluster v. 무리를 짓다, (소규모로) 모입니다. - regularly ad 규칙 바르게 - interspace n 사이의 공간/ 때때로 (짱) ~ 사이에 공간을 두다, 남기다 - palindromic [pólindr]umik] n. 전다음역순상동서열의 (전다음으로 봐도 같은 (회문) 구조 )

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The second are Cas, or "cRISPR-associated" proteins which chop up DNA like molecular scissors. - associate [əˈsəʊʃieɪt;] v, 연상하다, 상기하다 / 결합시키다> CRISPR-associated: 크리스파 관련 - moleculgion, capturing a chemical snapshot of the infection.- bacterium : bacteria의 단수 - segment 일부분, 조각- viral a. 바이러스성, 바이러스에 의한 - regio n[ˈriːdʒən]]. - snapshot n 순간 촬영 사진, 스냅 사진 Those viral codes viral codess9.-molecule n. 분자 bind 묶고 결속시키는 ​ The resulting complexes act like scouts, latching onto그냥-floating genetic material and searching for a match to the virus.-scout정찰하다-latch n. 부금 v. 걸쇠에서 멈춘다>latch onto:to become attatched to something/to follw somebody around, often when they do not want you with them​ If the virus invades again, the scout complex recognizes it immediately, and Cas9 swiftly destroys the viral DNA. ​ Lots of bateria have this type of defense mechanism.-mechanism의 방법, 메커니즘/(생물체 내에서 특정 기능을 수행한다) 구조, 기제 ​ But in 20일 2, scientists figured out how to hijack CRISPR to tagrget not just viral DNA, but any DNA in almost any organism.-hijack납치 ​ With the right tools, this viral immune system becomes a precise gene-editing tool, which can alter DNA and change specific genes almost as easily as fixing a typo.-typo(비교크식)오가면자 오자와, 오식(misprint)​ Here's how it works in the lab:scientists design a"guide"RNA to match the gene they want to edit, and attatch it to Cas9.Like the viral RNA in the CRISPR immune system, the guide RNA directs Cas9 to the target gene, and the protein's molecular scissors snip the DNA. ​ This is the key to CRISPR's power:just by injecting Cas9 bound to a short piece of custom guide RNA scientists can edit practically any gene in the genome.-geneome의 게놈(한 생물이 가진 모든 유전 정보)Once the DNA is cut, the cel will try to repair it. Typically, proteins called nucleases, trim the broken ends and jointhem back together. - typically 뭐, 일반적으로는 - nuclease 누클레어제(핵산 본인핵산 분해물인 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드, 느클레오티드 different DNA repair process, called homology directed repair. - template 견본 - cocktail 칵테일, 혼합체 - celular [ˈseljələ(r)] a세포의 - homology n 상동 (일치 ) 관계 - homologyis used as a blueprint to guide the rebuilding process, repairing a defective gene or even inserting a comletely 새로운 one. - defective a. 결함이 있는 - insert를 끼워 넣는 The ability to fix DNA ertyelly ad. 잠재적으로 그다 소음낭의 - cystic a. 포낭의, 낭포성의 - fibrosis n 섬유증 - cystic fibrosis (선천성) ) 낭포성 섬유종 - sickle n 낫 - anemia n [əní: miə] 빈혈 - sickle cell 겸 상적혈구 (가마꼴 적혈구)

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- sickle cell anemia 겸 상 적혈구 빈혈 (대부분 아프리카계 사람들에게서 나타나는 유전적 악성 빈혈) And since it's not limited to humans, the applications are almost endless. - application n. 적용, 응용CRISPR could create plants that yield larger fruit, mosquitoes that could create plants that yield larger fruit, mosquitoes that coes that coes that coes that coes th 수확한다 nan organism. CRISPR isn't perfect yet. It doesn't always make just the intended changes, and since it's difficult to predict the long-term implications of a CRISPR edit, this techeaves single - celled organisms be. / 나중엔 영원히 떠나기 - head in